As far as I am aware, the Hierarchy Request Error is a PHP DOMDocument error which occurs when trying to move a node into itself, although I do not know why this error is generated when you try to publish your gallery.
We know that Showkase works OK on your web server (as you have a second working Showkase site) and we also know that all the core Showkase files are present and correct (as you have tried re-uploading them, overwriting the existing ones) so the problem may lie with one (or more) of your Showkase pages. With this in mind, you might like to try the following.
*** Please make a full backup of your entire Showkase site before proceeding. ***
Try trashing your Showkase pages on the 'Pages' tab, one by one (starting with the last one you created and working backwards), and try to Publish your site each time to see if the Hierarchy Request Error still occurs.
(When trashing a page, it will be moved into the '_trash' directory. You can reinstate a trashed page using the 'Site -> Import' functionality.)
If you find a page which is causing the problem, you could recreate it manually and reinstate all others using the 'Site -> Import' functionality.
Unfortunately, I do not know what may be causing your problem but a possible workaround would be to create a completely new Showkase site and use the 'Site -> Import' functionality to import all existing pages from the currently broken Showkase site. This might be a relatively quick option to get your site up and running again without having to create all your pages from scratch.
I have another ShowKase site running fine in the same directory tree.
Just to check, are both Showkase sites in completely separate directories? (I would not recommend nesting one Showkase directory within another Showkase directory.)