... thanks for the prompt reply!
You're welcome!
... but now I can upload new images normally.
That would certainly indicate that the patch has been applied successfully.
Where should they appear?
If you log into the live demo (here), any error would appear in the status bar where the text "This is a demonstration version of Showkase. Some functions are disabled and changes will not be saved." appears in the demo.)
And would there be any message for normal operation as well as errors?
No. Only errors would be displayed here. In debug mode, if everything runs normally (without any errors), you'd see no difference than when running in normal (non-debug) mode.
... there are also sub-directories called Large and Small.
This support page (Multi-Size Image Support) should help explain the existence of Large and Small folders.
You can use Large and/or Small images in a Juicebox-Pro gallery within Showkase by going to 'Site -> Customize Viewers -> Juicebox-Pro (Edit) -> Multi-Size Images (Pro)' in the Pro Viewer Options section.
With regard to your image problem, I see the same problem on your TEST page (which is just a ListViewer gallery with a single image embedded on your web page with a regular HTML <img> tag) so the problem does not seem to be directly related to Juicebox-Pro, and probably not Showkase either.
The image is present on your web server and I can view it directly in my browser, just not when it is embedded in a web page. (Likewise for all your Juicebox-Pro gallery images).
Something on your web server (perhaps a security setting or hotlink protection) seems to be blocking images from being displayed on web pages.
I think the best course of action would be to contact your web host and ask them why the image in your ListViewer gallery does not show up. (This takes away the complexity of the Juicebox-Pro gallery and should be easier for them to troubleshoot.)
It's probably just a single server-side setting but it would likely be quicker to ask your web host about it than search around and try to resolve it yourself.
I hope this points you in the right direction.
Please let me know how you get on. Thank you.